The mangement for the benefit of all living beings including human kinds of the biosphere is k/a “CONVERSATION”
“The protection of all living beings in their natural habitat or outside natural habitat for the welfare suitable benefit for the human kinds is k/a “CONVERSATION”
Living resources conservation has mainly three objectives— (i)To conserve that there is a sustainable used of ecosystem. (ii)To preserve the biological diversity. (iii)To maintain ecological process & life support system.
Conservation can be done by two ways— (i) In situ conservation (ii) Ex situ conservation
IN SITU CONSERVATION:- Protection of biodiversity in their natural habitat is k/a In situ conservation. “In situ conservation is a type of conservation in which living resources are conserved or protected within their natural ecosystem where they occurs”
(i)It prevents species from their extension as well as provides materials for genetic improvement of the crop plant & animals. (ii) This is an ideal system for the conservation of natural resources. (iii) In situ conservation can be done by the stabisment of different protected area such as –National park, Wildlife sanctuary, Biosphere reserves etc.
(1-) NATIONAL PARK:- It is a type of in situ conservation. The protected area which is strictly reserved for wild life (plant & animals) & where forestry & cultivation is not permitted. According to Indian board of wild life, national park is an are –dedicated to conserve wild Life sciences, natural & historical object.
To constitute a national park a special legislation has been passed by the state government.
The first national park in India was stablised in 1935 k/a Haly National Park of United provinces [now k/a Jimkarbet National Park in Uttarakhand]. The first national park in the world the Yellowstone National park in 1872 in U.S.A. At present India has 102 National Park.which cover an area of 39919km² which is about 1.2% of total geographical area in India.
Some important National Park in India in given below–1. Corbett National Park
2. Kaziranga National Park, Assam
3. Sundarbans National Park, West Bengal
4.Jim Corbett National park, uttrakhand
5. Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan
6. Periyar National Park, Kerala
7. Mudumalai National Park, Tamil Nadu
8. Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh
9. Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttarakhand
10. Hemis National Park, Ladakh
(2-) WILDLIFE SANCTUARY:- The natural protected area for the conservation of animals with permission of harvesting of timbers collection of minor forest products as long as they do not interfere with well being of animals is k/a SANCTURIES. “An area they are killing,hinting, shooting,or capturing any species ,is prohibited, except or undercontrol of highauthority„ The size of sanctuary varies from .61km to 7818km². In India near about 515 sancturies are present till date &cover an area of 107310.13. It is 3.2% of total geographical area of the India.
Some important sancturies of India as follows— 1-Ghana bird sanctuary, Rajasthan
2-Chilka lake bird sanctuary,Balagaon,orissa
3-Anna-Malai, coimbatore
4-Govind Wildlife Sanctury. 5-Sultanpur lake bird sanctuary, haryana
(3) BIOSPHERE RESERVE:- The multi purpose natural protected area for the conservation of flora &fauna is k/a “Biosphere reserves„
1-Cold Desert, Himachal Pradesh
2-Nanda Devi, Uttrakhand
3-Khangchendzonga, Sikkim
4-Dehang-Debang, Arunachal Pradesh
5-Manas, Assam
6-Dibru-Saikhowa, Assam
7-Nokrek, Meghalaya
8-Panna, Madhya Pradesh
9-Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh
10-Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Madhya 11-Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
12-Kachchh, Gujarat (Largest Area)
13-Similipal, Odisha
14-Sundarban, West Bengal
15-Seshachalam, Andhra Pradesh
16-Agasthyamala, Karnataka-Tamil 17-Nadu-Kerala
18-Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu-Kerala (First to be Included)
19-Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu
20-Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Island
UNESCO [United Nation Education &Cultural Organization]. Started Biosphere program under the name M.A.B[Man And Biosphere]. The main objective of M.A.B are as follows- (i) To conserve diversity of plants & animals. (ii)To provide awareness & training of genetic conservation. (iii)To promote sustainable management of resources. (iv) To promote research & ecological.
-:SUNDARBAN:-
Sundarbans is a vast mangrove forest located in the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. It is the largest mangrove forest in the world and is shared by Bangladesh and India.
The Sundarbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is known for its rich biodiversity. It is home to the Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, Indian python, and a variety of bird species. The region also supports a thriving fishing and honey collection industry, which is an important source of livelihood for the local communities.
The Sundarbans is also an important carbon sink and helps in mitigating climate change. The mangrove forests act as a natural barrier against cyclones and tidal waves, protecting the coastal communities from natural disasters.
Tourism is a growing industry in the Sundarbans, with visitors coming to explore the mangrove forests, observe wildlife, and experience the local culture. However, due to its delicate ecosystem and vulnerable wildlife, tourism is heavily regulated and controlled.
The Sundarbans faces various environmental challenges, including climate change, deforestation, and pollution. The governments of Bangladesh and India have implemented measures to protect the region and promote sustainable development.
Overall, the Sundarbans is a unique and important ecosystem, which requires careful conservation efforts to protect its biodiversity and the livelihoods of the local communities.
INFORMATION ABOUT SUNDARBAN NATIONAL PARK:-
Sundarbans is a vast mangrove forest located in the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. It is the largest mangrove forest in the world and is shared by Bangladesh and India.
The Sundarbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is known for its rich biodiversity. It is home to the Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, Indian python, and a variety of bird species. The region also supports a thriving fishing and honey collection industry, which is an important source of livelihood for the local communities.
The Sundarbans is also an important carbon sink and helps in mitigating climate change. The mangrove forests act as a natural barrier against cyclones and tidal waves, protecting the coastal communities from natural disasters.
Tourism is a growing industry in the Sundarbans, with visitors coming to explore the mangrove forests, observe wildlife, and experience the local culture. However, due to its delicate ecosystem and vulnerable wildlife, tourism is heavily regulated and controlled.
The Sundarbans faces various environmental challenges, including climate change, deforestation, and pollution. The gove
Sundarban National Park is a protected area within the Sundarbans mangrove forest in India, located in the state of West Bengal. The national park was established in 1984 and covers an area of approximately 1,330 square kilometers.
The park is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including the Bengal tiger, saltwater crocodile, Indian python, spotted deer, wild boar, and a variety of bird species. The mangrove forests of the park act as a natural habitat and breeding ground for various marine and terrestrial species.
Sundarban National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is known for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystem. The park is also an important carbon sink, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.
The park offers various activities for tourists, including wildlife safaris, boat tours, and bird watching. However, due to the sensitive ecosystem, tourism is strictly regulated, and visitors are required to obtain permits from the forest department before entering the park.
Conservation efforts in Sundarban National Park focus on protecting the wildlife and their habitats, as well as promoting sustainable tourism and community development. The forest department works closely with local communities to promote eco-tourism and provide alternative livelihood options, such as beekeeping and fish farming, to reduce their dependence on forest resources.
In conclusion, Sundarban National Park is a unique and important ecosystem, which requires careful conservation efforts to protect its biodiversity and the livelihoods of the local communities. It is a must-visit destination for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts.